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Universal, EMI Sue Napster Investor
Record labels say firm enabled infringement. Critics say the move may deter venture capitalists.
April 23, 2003|Joseph Menn | Times Staff Writer
Unable
 to extract their pound of flesh from bankrupt Napster Inc., two of the 
five major record labels are suing the venture capitalists who backed 
the defunct song-swapping service that turned music industry economics 
upside down.
Universal Music and EMI filed a federal 
lawsuit against Hummer Winblad Venture Partners and two of the San 
Francisco firm's general partners, Hank Barry and John Hummer, in Los 
Angeles on Monday. The suit claims that they contributed to the 
copyright violations by Napster's tens of millions of users.
In
 addition to seeking $150,000 per violation, the suit asks for punitive 
damages. It also is intended to dissuade investment in any of the 
song-swapping services that have risen in Napster's place.
"Businesses,
 as well as those individuals or entities who control them, premised on 
massive copyright infringement of works created by artists should face 
the legal consequences for their actions," the record labels said in a 
statement.
The suit may mark the first time an outside 
party has targeted a venture firm for wrongdoing by a company in which 
it invested. "I don't know if this has ever happened before," said 
Jeanne Metzger, vice president of the National Venture Capital Assn.
The
 trade group and others warned that even if the labels lose the case, 
the fact that they sued will deter institutional investors from taking 
on a high level of risk with new companies.
"It's going
 to create an enormous amount of reluctance to get involved in anything 
that could draw litigation from the content industries," said Silicon 
Valley intellectual property lawyer Mark Radcliffe.
Barry
 and Hummer didn't respond to telephone and e-mail messages seeking 
comment Tuesday. Barry served as Napster's chief executive for more than
 a year, and both men sat on Napster's board.
The suit 
claims that Hummer Winblad knew Napster was enabling massive 
infringement and that the firm controlled Napster's activities with its 
general partners in the chief executive and director positions and 
through its $13-million investment in May 2000. The investment was made 
five months after the record industry -- including the two labels -- 
sued Napster for enabling infringement. Napster filed for bankruptcy 
protection in June 2002.
Lawyers not involved in the 
case said Hummer Winblad has two reasonable defenses. First, Napster 
hadn't yet lost the record industry suit when the firm invested. Second,
 directors and investors are rarely held liable for the acts of their 
companies. In those cases in which individuals are held responsible, 
they typically own 100% of the company at fault.
The 
suit "is stretching contributory infringement way beyond where it's ever
 gone," said Wayne State University copyright law professor Jessica 
Litman. "I assume the purpose is to enhance the already significant 
chill discouraging people from investing in businesses that challenge 
the business models of the entrenched market leaders in the 
entertainment industry."
Indeed, a federal lawsuit 
filed by a music producer against Barry, Hummer Winblad and others was 
dismissed after a judge found that the accusations -- similar to those 
in the record labels' suit -- were too vague and that there was nothing 
in the copyright law to punish people who assist an entity that assists 
others in breaking the law.
"Courts have consistently 
held that liability for contributory infringement requires substantial 
participation in a specific act of direct infringement," U.S. District 
Judge Marilyn Hall Patel wrote in that case.
But the 
two record labels may have evidence of specific actions by the venture 
firm's principals. And Hummer Winblad could be hurt by the fact that 
Napster lost most of its court battles.
The plaintiffs 
have "a reasonable shot at the officer. I think the director is a little
 tougher, and the shareholder theory is really tough," said Radcliffe, 
who represents technology and entertainment firms.
Barry
 and Hummer anticipated that they might be sued and tried to negotiate 
protection from legal consequences when German media firm Bertelsmann 
was planning to buy Napster early last year. Those talks foundered, and 
Bertelsmann itself has been sued for its investment in Napster.
The
 venture capital trade association complained that with such actions 
against investors, "the ability of entrenched industries to deter 
investment in next-generation technologies has profoundly 
anti-competitive and anti-innovative implications."
But
 not everyone agreed that the labels' suit will change how Silicon 
Valley firms invest. As the suit notes, other venture firms had deep 
concerns about Napster's legality and didn't invest.
"Top firms don't take their cue from Hummer," said Steve Lisson, publisher of InsiderVC.com.
Los Angeles Times Articles
Copyright 2012 Los Angeles Times
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STEVE.LISSON, FACEBOOK, LINKEDIN, COURT, STEVE LISSON, STEPHEN LISSON, COURT, 
STEPHAN N. LISSON, STEPHAN LISSON, LISSON STEPHAN, AUSTIN, TX, TEXAS, 
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